Para chamar qualquer tela do Painel de Controle não se usa necessariamente uma API, mas sim se executa o programa rundll32.exe. De acordo com os parâmetros cada tela é chamada. Veja as chamadas das principais telas:

Para chamar a tela principal do Painel de Controle

Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL", vbNormalFocus)

Adicionar / Remover Programas
Instalar/Desinstalar
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL appwiz.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

Instalação do Windows
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL appwiz.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

Disco de Inicialização
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL appwiz.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Vídeo
Segundo Plano
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL desk.cpl,,0", vbNormalFocus)

Proteção de Tela
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL desk.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

Aparência
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL desk.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

Configuração
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL desk.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Configurações Regionais
Configurações Regionais
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL intl.cpl,,0", vbNormalFocus)

Número
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL intl.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

Moeda
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL intl.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

Hora
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL intl.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Data
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL intl.cpl,,4", vbNormalFocus)

Joystick
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL joy.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

Mouse
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL main.cpl @0", vbNormalFocus)

Teclado
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL main.cpl @1", vbNormalFocus)

Impressoras
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL main.cpl @2", vbNormalFocus)

Fontes
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL main.cpl @3", vbNormalFocus)

Mail e Fax
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mlcfg32.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

Multimídia
Audio
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl,,0", vbNormalFocus)

Vídeo
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

MIDI
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

CD
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Avançado
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl,,4", vbNormalFocus)

Som
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL mmsys.cpl @1", vbNormalFocus)

Modem
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL modem.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

Rede
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL netcpl.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

Senha
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL password.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

Sistema
Geral
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL sysdm.cpl,,0", vbNormalFocus)

Gerenciador de Dispositivos
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL sysdm.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

Perfis de Hardware
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL sysdm.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

Performance
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL sysdm.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Opções de Acessibilidade
Teclado
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL access.cpl,,1", vbNormalFocus)

Som
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL access.cpl,,2", vbNormalFocus)

Exibir
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL access.cpl,,3", vbNormalFocus)

Mouse
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL access.cpl,,4", vbNormalFocus)

Geral
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL access.cpl,,5", vbNormalFocus)

Assistente (Adicionar novo Hardware)
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL sysdm.cpl @1", vbNormalFocus)

Data e Hora
Call Shell("rundll32.exe shell32.dll,Control_RunDLL timedate.cpl", vbNormalFocus)

DiskCopy
Call Shell("rundll32 diskcopy.dll,DiskCopyRunDll", vbNormalFocus)